高安路第一小学华展校区位于上海市徐汇区龙吴路和华展东路交叉口，是一座40班规模的新建小学。用地紧凑，容积率达1.4。 在这块东西狭长的场地上， 200米田径场只适合放在西部，也正好可以阻隔龙吴路干道的交通噪声，再结合退界、消防、日照和噪音间距等技术规范，主要教学用房只能在东部布置为前后两排体量，综合楼则位居操场和教学区之间，容纳多功能厅、风雨操场、体育馆等活动空间。
Huazhan campus of Gaoan Road No. 1 Primary School is located at the intersection of Longwu Road and East Huazhan Road in Xuhui District, Shanghai. With a compact site, this 40-class school was built under a high FAR of 1.4. On this long and narrow site, the only suitable location for the 200-meter track and field is on the west side, which also helps to block traffic noise from Longwu Road. According to building codes regarding setback, fire protection, sunshine and noise control, the main classroom building can only be arranged in two rows on the east side. The multi-function building is then located between the playground and the academic area, accommodating the multifunction hall, covered sports field, gymnasium and other activity spaces.
▼远景鸟瞰，distanced aerial view ©苏圣亮
面积指标、场地局限与技术规范的叠加，使建筑的总体布局被固化，几无变化腾挪的余地。操场规模和绿化活动场地的缩减，使日常教育活动越来越局限在标准化的教室之内，走廊、楼梯往往只能解决单一的交通需求——这些现实使建筑师从一开始就对此可能导致的僵化充满忧虑。于是，如何在这几乎“唯一解”的布局中营造生动活泼的育人空间，就成为设计上最困难、也最有意义的挑战。
The superposition of area index, site limitations, and building codes solidifies the layout, leaving little room for changes. The compact site reduced the area for playgrounds and green venues, which would make daily educational activities more confined to standardized classrooms, while corridors and stairs only meeting circulation demands – these realities concerned architects about the rigidity of the campus. Therefore, how to create a lively educational space in this “only layout” became the most difficult yet meaningful challenge in this project.
▼鸟瞰图，aerial view ©苏圣亮
▼沿河立面，facade along the river ©苏圣亮
▼沿街立面，facade along the street ©苏圣亮
在紧凑的总体布局中，四、五层高的建筑组合很容易形成封闭的围合空间，需要通过局部的开放来改善校园的整体环境。我们将建筑体分为东南西北四个部分，在它们之间设置通道和楼梯，让师生在经过时能够看到校园内外不同空间的景致；综合楼隔断了操场和中心庭院，我们就将体育馆上抬，将小剧场下沉，四边放坡做为绿化和面向操场的看台，以地景的方式缓解综合楼体量的压力，并在二层形成了风雨操场。这个架空的半户外空间在垂直方向上和体育馆中庭联通，在水平方向上与操场和中心庭院贯连；中心庭院的狭长会产生逼仄感，我们增加了通透的连桥，在加强南北联系之余改变了庭院的比例，给这片树林绿地增添了空间的层次——藉由这些通透化的设计策略，我们在中心庭院与周边空间以及校外环境之间建立了层次分明的联系，扩大了校园环境的尺度感受。
▼设计概念，design concept ©山水秀建筑事务所
In the compact layout, the combination of four and five-story massing could easily form an enclosed block. It is necessary to improve the overall spatial quality of the campus through partial openings. We divided the block into four parts and set up passages and staircases between them, so that teachers and students can see the scenery of different spaces inside and outside the campus when they pass by. To avoid the separation between the playground and the central courtyard caused by the multi-function building, we lifted the gymnasium to the third floor, and lowered the small theater to semi-underground level and placed green slopes and grandstands on periphery, which reduced the impact of the large scale of multi-function building and formed a covered sports field on the second floor. This semi-outdoor space is connected to the gymnasium atrium vertically, and connected to the playground and the central courtyard horizontally. The narrow and long central courtyard will create a sense of constriction, so we added airy bridges to strengthen the connection between the north and the south and to change the proportions of the courtyard, bringing a spatial hierarchy to this wooded green space. Through these design strategies of transparency, we established a layered connection between the central courtyard and the surrounding space and the external environment, and expanded the spatial perception of the campus.
▼庭院鸟瞰，aerial view of the courtyard ©苏圣亮
▼通透的连桥加强南北之间的联系，airy bridges enhance the connection between the south and the north ©苏圣亮
综合楼的体育馆和风雨操场均为大跨空间，为满足预制率和减少结构高度，主体采用钢框架结构，二层采用钢骨剪力墙来实现架空。倒梯形的剪力墙在底部内收，帮助打开操场看台的视野，并凸显了上部建筑的悬浮感。剪力墙上不断变化的“光圈”洞口化解了墙体的沉闷，增添了穿透对视的乐趣。高安路一小是姚明的母校，校方对三层的室内体育馆十分关注，我们没有采用通常的桁架或网架结构，而是用钢柱上部的斜撑辅助800mm高的钢梁完成了23米的跨度，再进一步运用斜撑形成的三角区域，营造了通风采光的半透空间，给这座结构骨骼露明的体育馆注入了精神的光辉。
▼面向操场的立面，底部采用倒梯形的剪力墙，facade facing the playground, inverted trapezoidal shear wall at the bottom ©苏圣亮
The gymnasium and the covered sports field in the multi-function building are both large-span spaces. In order to meet the prefabrication rate and reduce the structural height, the main structure adopts a steel frame system supported by shear wall on the second level to achieve an open floor. The inverted trapezoidal shear wall is retracted at the bottom to help open the view of grandstand and highlight the suspension of the upper building.
▼分解轴测图，exploded axonometric ©山水秀建筑事务所
▼风雨操场，covered sports field ©苏圣亮
▼综合楼剪力墙洞口，openings on the shear wall at the multifunction hall ©苏圣亮
▼裸露结构的体育馆，gymnasium with exposed structural bones ©苏圣亮
为控制整体造价，教学楼和办公楼的混凝土框架结构采用了预制和现浇结合的方式。与普通的预制体系相比，我们进行了三处新的尝试。一是用悬挑支撑南侧单排教室的外廊，以获得走廊空间与庭院之间的自由界面，其导致的单跨问题通过在进深跨中增加剪力片墙予以解决；二是通过采用预制钢筋混凝土槽型板，取消了次梁和大部分吊顶，电管线和大堂的喷淋支管都得以在槽型板中行走，使7.5m x 9m的教室单元获得了最大的净高和空间的完整性；三是在进深方向放大了预制钢筋混凝土梁柱的结合部，在改善梁柱交接点配筋和现浇条件的同时，用半拱形的放大柱头形成了塑造空间秩序的基本骨架，拱门框架的结构要素在校门、大堂、走廊、教室、小木屋、图书馆和体育馆中不断再现，成为空间赋形的母题。
In order to control the overall cost, the concrete frame structure of the classroom building and office building adopts a combination of prefabricated and cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures. Compared with ordinary prefabricated systems, we have made three new attempts. One is to use a cantilever to support the outer corridor of the single-row classroom building to obtain a free interface between the corridor and the courtyard. The collateral single-span issue was solved by a shear wall in between the span; the second is to eliminate the secondary beams and ceilings by using prefabricated profiled reinforced concrete composite slabs. The electrical pipelines and the sprinkler branch pipes can all be lied along the grooves of the slabs, so that the 7.5mx 9m classroom unit gains the largest clearance and integrality of space. The third is to enlarge the joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams and columns, which improves the reinforcement and cast-in-place conditions of the junctions. The enlarged semi-arch column heads form the basic framework of form order. The structural element of the arch frames is constantly reproduced in school gates, lobbies, corridors, classrooms, cabins, libraries and gymnasiums, becoming the motif of spatial shaping.
▼自由的空间界面，free interface between the corridor and the courtyard ©苏圣亮
▼悬挑的走廊，cantilevered corridor ©苏圣亮
▼走廊结构，structure of the corridor ©苏圣亮
通过对结构体系和预制单元的精心处理，我们获得了简洁、规则又富有层次的空间秩序，这些秩序一方面满足了各种教学空间的规范性要求，一方面又增加了单元空间的弹性，让我们能够为这所小学注入更多的灵性。
Through careful articulation of the structural system and prefabricated units, we have obtained a concise, regular and hierarchical spatial order. It not only satisfied the normative requirements of various teaching spaces, but also increased the flexibility of the unit space, where we can inject more spirituality into this primary school.
▼走廊中丰富的活动空间，various activity space in the corridor ©苏圣亮
在与校方的深入交流中，我们深切感受到学校对教学空间和交流空间多元化、差异化的需求，这与我们探求教育空间精神的愿景不谋而合。为了鼓励多元化的教育方式和社交生态，我们从结构秩序出发，用建筑的手段激发这两种习惯的养成，并对新的空间类型进行探索，为素质教育提供更多的空间支撑。
When communicating with the potential school users, we deeply felt their needs for diversification and differentiation of teaching and communication spaces, which coincides with our vision of exploring the spirit of educational space in the project. In order to encourage diversified educational methods and social ecology, we start from the structural order and use architectural methods to activate the formation of these two customs, and explore new types of space to provide more spatial support for quality education.
▼公共空间，public space ©苏圣亮
▼走廊，corridor ©苏圣亮
在教室单元里，用半拱形柱头相连的梁柱框架强调了教室的方向性，给老师和智能黑板提供了“景框”，帮助学生养成专注前方的习惯。无次梁槽型楼板形成的整体天花、南北两侧对称设置的窗扇、以及前后门与空调机的对位布置，一起协助结构赋予空间安定的秩序，并给教室带来了均匀温润的光线。
In the classroom unit, a beam-column frame connected by a semi-arched column head emphasizes the directionality of the classroom, providing a “frame” for the teacher and the intelligent blackboard, helping students to develop the habit of focusing on the front. Together with the structural system, the integrative ceiling without sub-beam, the symmetrical window sashes on both sides, and the aligned air conditioners at the front and rear doors all help to give the space a stable order and bring even and warm light to the classroom.
▼教室，classroom ©苏圣亮
在有限的建筑面积里，交通空间的独特体验和多义化能够帮助我们激活固化的秩序，综合楼的绳索楼梯、变形缝楼梯的色彩区分、以及南北楼之间用曲折连廊构成的立体庭院，都是这一手法的体现。在走廊空间，半拱形悬挑结构给外立面留下了自由的空间，我们用钢龙骨、金属网和胶合木在走廊外侧编织了一道半通透的墙体，不仅容纳了防护网和消火栓，还整合了座凳和阅读栏板，同走廊内侧的书包柜和长椅一起成为走廊空间里的固定家具，用触发的方式鼓励师生并接触庭院里的自然，并使用这些家具进行休憩、阅读、交谈、玩乐的活动，给走廊赋予了更多的空间内涵。
In the limited building area, the unique experience and diversification of the circulation space can help us to activate the solidified order, which can be seen at the rope stair in multi-function building, the color distinction of the stair with deformation joint, and the three-dimensional courtyard composed by zigzag corridors between the north and south buildings. In the corridor, the semi-arched cantilever structure leaves free space on the facade. We wove a translucent wall outside the corridor with steel keel, metal mesh and glulam, which accommodates protective nets and fire hydrants and integrates stools and reading panels. Together with the schoolbag cabinets and benches inside the corridor, they become fixed furniture in the corridor space. By naturally and unconsciously activating children’s and teacher’s behaviors, the space encourages users to touch the nature in the courtyard and to use the furniture to rest, read, talk and play, which gives more connotations to the corridors.
▼绳索楼梯，rope stair ©苏圣亮
▼色彩区分的变形缝楼梯，stair with deformation joint in distinct colors ©苏圣亮
我们还在每个教学楼层置入了多功能的半户外“小木屋”，并配备了饮水机、操作台和智能书架等设施。“小木屋”不仅为课间休息提供了本层就近的玩耍场地，还可以成为半户外的选修课堂和聚会空间。这一新的空间类型既非固定教室，也非交通空间，而更像是植入建筑中的半户外庭院，为校园增添了多元化教育和社交的可能，在未来等待着学校的进一步策划和装点。
We also placed various multi-functional semi-outdoor “cabins” on each classroom floor. Equipped with drinking fountains, operating tables and smart bookshelves, these “cabins” not only provides a nearby play area for the break between classes, but can also work as semi-outdoor classrooms and gathering spaces. This new type of space is neither a fixed classroom nor a circulation space, but more like a semi-outdoor courtyard implanted in the building, adding diversified educational and social possibilities to the campus, and awaits further planning and exertion in the future.
▼未来实验室，future laboratory ©苏圣亮
教育体制、规划用地和技术规范共同形成了学校建筑的社会秩序。通过深入解读，我们尝试把这些约束性秩序转化为建筑本体的力量，给这所小学校园注入更多身心的关怀、专注的精神和交流的活力。希望藉由各方的共同努力，留在学生记忆里的校园不仅是教室里的专心致志和操场上的整齐队列，还有体育馆里移动的阳光、小木屋里的自由演说、和在走廊里拿起书本面向树林的那一刻。
The education system, planned land use, and building codes together form the social order of school buildings. Through in-depth interpretation, we try to transform these restrictive orders into the ontological power of architecture, so as to imput more physical and mental care, dedicated spirit, and vitality of communication into this campus. We hope that with the joint efforts of all parties, the campus to remain in the memories of students would not only be the concentration in the classroom and the neat queue on the playground, but also the moving sunlight in the gymnasium, the free speech in the cabins, and the moment of picking up a book in the corridor and facing the woods.
▼夜景，night view ©苏圣亮
▼总平面图，site plan ©山水秀建筑事务所
▼一层平面图，first floor plan ©山水秀建筑事务所
▼二层平面图，second floor plan ©山水秀建筑事务所
▼三层平面图，third floor plan ©山水秀建筑事务所
▼剖面图，sections ©山水秀建筑事务所
▼细部，details ©山水秀建筑事务所
设计单位：山水秀建筑事务所 Scenic Architecture Office 设计团队：祝晓峰、李启同、周延、张璇、张国浩、胡仙梅、许林峰 实习生：赫然、黄春铃 项目地点：上海市徐汇区华展东路169号 项目功能：小学 设计/建成时间：2017/2020 合作设计单位：同济大学建筑设计研究院集团有限公司 业主：上海市徐汇区教育局/上海徐汇城市更新工程咨询有限公司 施工总包：上海徐房建筑实业公司 监理单位：上海上咨建设工程咨询有限公司 基地面积：17645 平米 建筑面积：30406平米（地上24392平米，地下6014平米） 结构形式：教学楼和办公楼：预制混凝土框架结构；综合楼：混凝土剪力墙支撑钢框架结构 建筑材料：素混凝土保护剂、质感涂料、木色、彩色及灰色铝板、彩色、白色及深灰色穿孔铝板、木纹水泥纤维板、超白中空LOW-E玻璃、半透明及彩色玻璃砖、木色及深灰色铝合金窗框、铝方通吊顶、白色扩张铝板吊顶、浅灰色水磨石地砖、木纹地砖、木色扁钢栏杆、实木及木色铝合金扶手、芝麻灰花岗石板、不锈钢网帘、胶合实木座椅及阅读架 摄影：苏圣亮 文：祝晓峰
Office Name: Scenic Architecture Office Design Team: ZHU Xiaofeng, LI Qitong, ZHOU Yan, ZHANG Xuan, ZHANG Guohao, HU Xianmei, XU Linfeng, HE Ran, HUANG Chunlin Location: No.169 East Huazhan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai Program: primary school Design/Built: 2017/2020 LDI: Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd. Client: Shanghai Xuhui District Education Bureau/ Shanghai Xuhui Urban Renewal Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd Site area: 17,645 m² General Contract: Shanghai Xufang Construction Industry Co., Ltd. Construction Supervisor: Shanghai Shangzi Construction Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd GFA: 30,406 m² Structure System: classroom buildings and office buildings: precast concrete frame structure; multi-purpose building: steel frame structure supported by concrete shear wall Main Materials: white perforated aluminum panel, texture paint, grey, colored, and wooden textural aluminum panel, white, grey, and colored perforated aluminum panel, wood grain cement fiber board, low-iron laminated thermal Low-E glass , translucent and colored glass blocks , dark grey and wooden textural aluminum profile, aluminum rectangular tube ceiling, white expandable aluminum ceiling, light gray terrazzo floor tiles, wood grain floor tiles, wooden textural flat steel railing, solid wood and wooden textural aluminum handrail, sesame grey granite slate, stainless steel mesh curtain, outdoor cross-laminated timber seat and reading board Photographer: SU Shengliang Text: ZHU Xiaofeng
