英国最高建筑 – 碎片大厦，伦敦

The Shard, also known as the London Bridge Tower, is a 72-storey, mixed-use tower located beside London Bridge Station on the south bank of the River Thames. This project was a response to the urban vision of London Mayor Ken Livingstone and to his policy of encouraging high-density development at key transport nodes in London. This sort of sustainable urban extension relies on the proximity of public transportation, discourages car use and helps to reduce traffic congestion in the city.

碎片大厦，也被称为伦敦桥塔，是一座 72 层的多功能塔，位于泰晤士河南岸的伦敦桥站旁。该项目是对伦敦市长肯·利文斯通的城市愿景和他鼓励在伦敦主要交通节点进行高密度发展的政策的回应。这种可持续的城市扩展依赖于公共交通的邻近性，不鼓励汽车使用，并有助于减少城市的交通拥堵。

A mix of uses – residential, offices and retail – creates a building that is in use 24 hours a day. The slender and pyramidal form of the tower was determined by its suitability to this mix: large floor plates at the bottom for offices; restaurants, public spaces and a hotel located in the middle; private apartments at the top of the building. The final floors accommodate a public viewing gallery, 240 m above street level. This arrangement of functions also allows the tower to taper off and disappear into the sky – a particularly important detail for Renzo Piano Building Workshop given the building’s prominence on the London skyline.

多种用途——住宅、办公室和零售——创造了一座每天 24 小时都在使用的建筑。塔的细长和金字塔形状取决于它是否适合这种混合：底部的大平层用于办公室；餐厅、公共场所和位于中间的酒店；及位于大楼顶部的私人公寓。顶一层街道 240 m之上是一个公共观景廊。这种功能安排还允许塔逐渐变细并消失在天空中——鉴于该建筑在伦敦天际线上的突出地位，这对伦佐·皮亚诺建筑工作室来说是一个特别重要的细节。

Eight sloping glass facades, the “shards” define the shape and visual quality of the tower, fragmenting the scale of the building and reflecting the light in unpredictable ways. Opening vents in the gaps or “fractures” between the shards, provide natural ventilation to winter gardens.

八个倾斜的玻璃立面，“碎片”定义了塔的形状和视觉质量，分散了建筑物的体量并以不可预测的方式反射光线。在碎片之间的间隙或“裂缝”中打开通风口，为冬季花园提供自然通风。

The extra-white glass used on the Shard gives the tower a lightness and a sensitivity to the changing sky around it, the Shard’s colour and mood are constantly changing. It required a particular technical solution to ensure the facade’s performance in terms of controlling light and heat. A double-skin, naturally ventilated facade with internal blinds that respond automatically to changes in light levels was developed. The logic is very simple: external blinds are very effective in keeping solar gain out of a building, but unprotected external blinds are not appropriate for a tall building, hence the extra layer of glass facade on the outside.

Shard上使用的超白玻璃使塔变得轻盈，并且对周围不断变化的天空敏感，Shard的颜色和情绪在不断变化。它需要一种特殊的技术解决方案来确保立面在控制光和热方面的性能。开发了一种双层、自然通风的立面，带有内部百叶窗，可自动响应光照水平的变化。逻辑很简单：外部百叶窗非常有效地阻止太阳能进入建筑物，但未受保护的外部百叶窗不适合高层建筑，因此在外面额外增加了一层玻璃幕墙。

As part of the project, a section of London Bridge Station’s concourse was also redeveloped and the Shard has been the stimulus for much of the regeneration of the surrounding area, now known as the London Bridge Quarter.

作为该项目的一部分，伦敦桥站大厅的一部分也得到了重新开发，而碎片一直是周边地区（现在被称为伦敦桥区）的大部分重建的刺激因素。