布达旧市政厅是匈牙利最重要的历史建筑之一，从1688年（土耳其150年的统治结束）直至19世纪末期，这里一直都是匈牙利首都行政机构的所在地。此外，它的独特性还体现在多个历史时期的交叠：在中世纪时，该场地上已有大约5座小型的建筑，其碎片至今仍被旧保留在地下层和首层的墙壁上；13-14世纪，演变为一个由民用建筑构成的建筑群；而到了18世纪，这些建筑分几个阶段逐步形成了一个统一的、展现巴洛克风格的地标。
The old Town Hall of Buda is one of Hungary’s most important monuments. It is significant because the magistracy of the Hungarian capital operated here from 1688 (the end of 150 years of Turkish rule) until the late 19th century, and it is also unique because of the layering of its construction history both in time and space. The conglomerate of constructions consisting of several civil buildings from the 13-14 th century was formed during the 18th century in several periods to one unified, representative building reflecting Baroque architecture. In the middle ages, there were probably five smaller houses in place of today’s building, the fragments of which are preserved in the cellars and ground floor walls.
▼项目概览，general view © Balazs Danyi
在该建筑经历的最重要的两个时期之一，即1688-1891年，由皇家建筑师Venerio Ceresola率领的建造团队对中世纪的建筑遗迹进行了改建，使其可以重新投入使用。1770-1771年，布达知名建筑师Matthäus Nepauer率领建造了场地中至今最具决定性的建筑：统一的巴洛克式立面与拐角处的阳台在同一时期完成建造，同时将地面层的中世纪遗迹整合起来。至此，建筑拥有了两个楼层，并且置入了巴洛克风格的主楼梯，最终与首层和二层的外部走廊共同定义出一个具有双庭院的内部空间结构。
▼场地平面图，site plan © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼历史建筑，historic building © Gyorgy Klosz
In the first of the two most important phases, from 1688 to 1891, the works were led by the emperor’s architect, Venerio Ceresola, who made the remains of the medieval building usable again. In 1770-71, Matthäus Nepauer, a significant Baroque builder of Buda carried out the most determinant construction that still dominates today: the uniform Baroque façade – integrating the medieval remains of the ground floor too – was finished at that time together with the corner balconies. The whole building became two-storey, the imposing Baroque main staircase was also built, creating a double-court inner space structure, together with the exterior corridors on the ground and the first floor.
▼远眺城市中的建筑，overlook to the building in its urban context © Balazs Danyi
在二战期间，建筑遭受了巨大的破坏，朝向Úri街道的转角体量和朝向Szentháromság街道一侧体量的中央部位几乎坍塌至首层的拱顶位置，超过一半的屋顶结构被摧毁，其伤痕至今可见。1949年至1952年间实施的修复工作使建筑的功能数次更替，其中还包括历史博物馆和高等研究机构。2014年至2018年，Hetedik Műterem事务所的建筑师团队和众多专家共同完成了项目的重建、现代化和扩建工作。在这一过程中，考古学和艺术史领域的研究为项目的科学背景提供了有力的支持，尤其是对于档案资料的研究、现场考古挖掘以及墙体测试。
▼轴测图，axon © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
During World War II, the building suffered massive damage: the corner on Úri utca and the middle part of the Szentháromság utca wing collapsed almost to the vaults above the ground floor, and more than half of the roof structure was destroyed, the traces of which are still visible today. The restoration took place between 1949 and 1952, and the functions were changed several times, from a historical museum to an institute of advanced study. From 2014 to 2018, the design team of the Hetedik Műterem Ltd., architects and specialists planned the monument reconstruction, modernization and extension of the building. The scientific background of the work was supported by archaeological and art historical research, based on at least as much archival research as on-site archaeological excavations or wall tests.
▼改造后的建筑立面，the new facade of the building © Balazs Danyi
对于这座具有独特历史价值的建筑而言，其更新工作是为了实现一个双重性的目标：对巴洛克风格的主体建筑以及从13世纪遗留下来的中世纪残骸进行重建，保留其珍贵的材料、结构和空间印记，同时还要让建筑满足当代人的使用需求。公共性的功能主要设置在一层和地下层，包括餐厅、书店、钱币博物馆等；二层和阁楼层则用作教育和研究空间。
The renewal of the building with unique historical value had a dual purpose: the reconstruction of the basically Baroque building with significant medieval parts from the 13 th century and its several construction and extension periods during the centuries, by preserving their exciting material, structural and spatial imprints, and at the same time a revitalization that meets today’s demands. While mainly public functions will be implemented on the ground floor and in the basement (restaurant, book store, coin museum, etc.), the first floor and the attic provide space for educational and research rooms.
▼公共性的功能主要设置在一层和地下层，mainly public functions are implemented on the ground floor and in the basement © Balazs Danyi
▼餐厅细节，restaurant © Balazs Danyi
▼地下层走廊，corridor on the lower levels © Balazs Danyi
原先的大厅空间被替换为带顶的庭院，适合举办活动，且可以起到划分首层空间的作用。屋顶的设计重点在于保留庭院氛围，同时尽可能地为玻璃屋面创造均质化的特征。
Covering the courtyards of the building can replace the hall-like space, which would be suitable for events and could play a ground floor-distribution role too. The main thesis of the roofing concept was to keep the courtyard-like feeling and to create the as homogeneous character for the glass roof as possible.
▼屋顶的设计重点在于保留庭院氛围 © Balazs Danyi The main thesis of the roofing concept was to keep the courtyard-like feeling
庭院和室内空间彼此融合，尤其是西侧庭院在空间上得到了有效的完善。在这里，拱门上的玻璃可以拆除，使庭院周围的走廊得以重新恢复到“开放回廊”的原始状态。承载着玻璃结构的钢梁如今由檐板支撑，并通过可调节的白色亚麻覆层来保证遮阳并调节光线的均匀程度。定制钢梁构成的通道将空间的照明设备隐藏起来，在白天几乎难以发现。最重要的是，位于檐板上方的新增结构能够整合所有的功能需求――它作为一个统一且中立的当代元素，“漂浮”在历史悠久的结构之上。
Integrating the courts into the interior had the clearly positive outcome of spatially completing the western court. Here the glazing of the arched openings could be removed, allowing for the return to the original state when the corridors around the court were used as an open „cloister.“ Now the cornices support the steel beams bearing the glass structure, and, in the plane of these beams, controllable white linen lamellas ensure both shading and the required homogeneity, while the channel of the custom-made steel beams conceals the space’s lighting so that is almost invisible during the day. It was an important aspect that the new structure above the cornices should integrated all functional needs, and „float“ over the historical structures as a unified and neutral contemporary element.
▼西侧庭院，courtyard © Balazs Danyi
▼庭院天顶，the glazed roof © Balazs Danyi
▼天顶和拱窗，the ceiling and the arched openings © Balazs Danyi
▼庭院周围的走廊空间，corridor around the court © Balazs Danyi
▼楼梯间，stair well © Balazs Danyi
具有300年历史的巴洛克屋顶在二战期间遭到剧烈毁坏，因此需要在原有的三个屋顶结构之间创造新的元素。神奇之处在于，战争造成的破坏反而加强了建筑在几百年间形成的“拼接”特性。虽然落叶松屋顶被破坏的部分已经难以修复，但可以通过置入一个现代的层级来提供补充：在阁楼层，高天花板的开放式巴洛克空间和裸露的木制结构与低天花板的新空间实现了高度的融合。屋顶空间所采用的非均质的解决方案与建筑其他所有非均质的部位形成了呼应，二战造成的毁坏就此成为了建筑中不可或缺且清晰可读的一部分。
The building’s 300 years old Baroque roof was greatly damaged in World War II. Since more than half of it was bombed during World War II, it was necessary to create something new between the three original roof structure parts. In a strange way, the serious destruction of the war did not weaken, but strengthened the collage-like nature of the building that developed over hundreds of years. Of course, the destroyed parts of the 300-year-old larch roof structure elements could not be complemented, so they were replaced with another – now contemporary – layer instead. Therefore, when walking in the attic, open Baroque spaces of larger ceiling height and exposed carpentry are alternating with homogeneous new spaces of lower ceiling height. The inhomogeneous solution applied in the roof space is close to the inhomogeneity that can be seen at any point of the building, resulting from the complex spatial nature of the different building periods. World War II damages became an integral, visible and readable part of the building’s history.
▼在顶部阁楼层，高天花板的开放式巴洛克空间和裸露的木制结构与低天花板的新空间实现了高度的融合 © Balazs Danyi In the attic, open Baroque spaces of larger ceiling height and exposed carpentry are alternating with homogeneous new spaces of lower ceiling height
▼屋顶夜间鸟瞰，roof aerial view by night © Balazs Danyi
▼地下一层平面图，basement floor plan © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼一层平面图，ground floor plan © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼二层平面图，first floor plan © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼阁楼层平面图，attic plan © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼屋顶平面图，roof plan © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼Szentharomsag街道立面，Szentharomsag street facade © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼Uri街道立面，Uri street facade © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼剖面图FF，section FF © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
▼剖面图GG，section GG © Hetedik Műterem Ltd.
Reconstruction, modernization and extension of historic Town Hall of Buda, Budapest, Hungary design: 2014-2015 construction: 2015-2018 general design: Hetedik Műterem Ltd. lead architect Levente Szabó DLA architects: Balázs Biri, Katalin Alkér, András Bartha, Rita Terbe DLA, Zsolt Tolnai associate architects: Fruzsina Barta, Kata Bartis, Rita Dolmány, Dénes Halmai, András Kunczi, Rozália Marton DLA, Eszter Mihály, András Páll, Zita Pelle, Ákos Polgárdi, Orsolya Simon, Nóra Szigeti, Norbert Villányi inspector of monuments: Dr. Judit Janotti research & archeology: Ferenc Bor, Juan Cabello, Klára Mentényi, Anna Simon, Edit Szentesi, Dr. András Végh structural engineering: József Schreiber (S-4 Mérnökiroda Ltd.) building technology: Ildikó Cser, Zoltán Vajda (Cser&Cser Mérnöki Iroda LP)
electric engineering: Zoltán Ivanics, Attila Nagy, Gábor Ónodi (Provill Ltd.)
lighting: Ferenc Haász
building structures: Gábor Schreiber, Sándor Horváth, Dávid Lengyel (S-4 Mérnökiroda Ltd.)
accessibility: Anna Kormányos
acoustics: Gusztáv Józsa
fire protection: Dr. Lajos Takács general contractor: Magyar Építő Inc. photos: Balázs Danyi, archive
