环境友好小屋（NFH）位于哥斯达黎加南太平洋沿岸热带雨林边缘的一个小村庄Ojochal内。建筑建在潮湿的热带气候中，利用自然通风和遮阳对周围环境进行调控。所有机械设备、智能设备、壁橱、浴室、厨房和洗衣房空间围绕NFH的中央服务核心区域组织。公共设施被收纳到一个紧凑的单元中，使得核心区域周边呈开放式平面布局。此外，该布局有利于提高建筑空间效率同时易于维护。其他家具被“插入”到由垂直结构立柱和倾斜的外部围护构成的双层立面中。倾斜立面减少了阳光和降水的直接影响，从而避免架高的地板遭受日光直射或者雨水侵蚀。外墙门板可以单独打开或关闭，以调节视线、增加或减少空气流动，以及保护隐私和安全。它们连接室内外空间，维护着环境与建筑之间动态平衡，这也是热带建筑的主要特征之一。
▼项目概览，overview
The No Footprint House (NFH) is located in Ojochal, a small village at the edge of the vast tropical rain forests along the South Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Placed in a humid tropical climate, the building design responds to its surrounding habitat by passive climate control through natural ventilation and solar shading. The NFH is organized around a central service core, which includes all machinery, intelligence, closets, bathrooms, kitchen and laundry area. The compression of utilities in one compact unit enables an open floor plan all around the core. Moreover, it contributes to the building efficiency in terms of assembly and maintenance. Additional furniture pieces are “plugged” into the double-layered facade, which is created by the vertical structural columns and the inclined outer enclosures. The inclination decreases direct impact of sunlight and precipitation, which protects the elevated floorplan from overheating and splashing water. Façade panels can be opened or closed individually in order to regulate views and exposure, augment or reduce air flows, create privacy and security. They convert interior to exterior spaces and play with the dynamic among nature and the built environment, one of the key features of tropical architecture.
▼外墙门板可以单独打开或关闭以调节视线，façade panels can be opened or closed individually in order to regulate views and exposure
▼倾斜立面减少了阳光和降水的直接影响，the inclination decreases direct impact of sunlight and precipitation
Ojochal村的房子是基于更庞大的住宅类型工具箱开发的作为可批量生产的建筑原型。房子是在哥斯达黎加中央山谷预制而成，并用卡车运到目的地。原型的制作和安装过程为优化该系列产品积累了宝贵经验，该系列产品将正式于2020年上市。在最初开发阶段，NFH共有三种屋型，可以根据室内分区和连接方式自行配置材料饰面及所需服务：从“微型”（36㎡）、中型（81㎡）到家庭型（108㎡）。每栋建筑都是根据预制构件目录定制，这在中美洲尚属首次。所有元素和材料都依照对原产地、加工和环保程度彻底追查及筛选。构成NFH目录的部分组件包括结构木料和钢料、不同类型的百叶窗、外墙穿孔板、竹木天花板，以及用于地板和墙壁的矿物合成饰面，这些材料可以根据客户的具体需求和喜好来进行选购。
▼房屋分三种屋型：微型、中型、家庭型，the NFH comes in three different sizes that can be auto-configured with regards to the internal distribution and connections
▼家具被“插入”到由垂直结构立柱和倾斜的外部围护构成的双层立面中，additional furniture pieces are “plugged” into the double-layered facade
The house in Ojochal has been developed as a prototype for serial production, based on a larger toolbox of residential typologies. It was prefabricated in the Central Valley of Costa Rica and transported to the target location on one single truck. The process of making and inhabiting the prototype creates valuable experience to optimize the series, which will be available as of 2020. In its initial phase, the NFH comes in three different sizes that can be auto-configured with regards to the internal distribution and connections, material finishes and desired level of services: from “tiny” (36m2) to mid-size (81m2) and family home (108m2). Each building is customized from a catalogue of prefabricated components, the first of its kind in Central America. The selection of all elements and materials is based on a thorough investigation regarding origin, processing, and environmental footprint. Component options that form part of the NFH catalogue include structural wood and steel, different types of louvres and perforated panels for the facades, bamboo and wood ceilings, as well as mineral and synthetic finishes for walls and floors. They can be chosen according to the specific needs and likes of each client.
▼从室外看室内空间，view from outdoor to interior spaces
▼房屋入口，the entrance
▼预制钢结构件，prefabricated steel structure
位于Ojochal村的NFH-108用实木饰面和抬升的钢结构搭建完成。它以12 x 9米的结构网格为基础，其中包括一个混合的起居室和餐厅、两间浴室、两间卧室和一个多功能露台。个人房间可通过多层玻璃滑动“幕墙”关闭，以改变空间分隔或开放程度。建筑的顶部保持永久开放，以确保空气流动和通风顺畅，蚊帐面板防止昆虫进入室内。房屋与公共水网和电网相连通，电网由哥斯达黎加可再生资源提供动力，而生活用水使用屋顶太阳能加热。配置齐全的自供能建筑可用于离网位置，同时房屋构建可全部拆卸及重装。NFH的设计与自然融为一体，最大限度地降低施工对环境的影响。同时，建筑提供了充足的适用、经济和可复制的解决方案。该项目力求在环境、经济、社会和空间效率等方面实现整体可持续。
▼嵌入家具的中央服务空间，service core with plugin furnitures
▼用实木饰面和抬升的钢结构搭建完成的小屋，the NFH-108 was built as a floating steel structure with wooden finishes
▼厨房，kitchen
In Ojochal, the NFH-108 was built as a floating steel structure with wooden finishes. It is based on a structural grid size of 12 x 9 meters, which contains a combined living and dining area, two bathrooms, two bedrooms and a multifunctional terrace. The private rooms can be closed off through different layers of glass sliders and “curtain walls” in order to allow for changing degrees of spatial separation or social integration. The upper section of the building remains permanently open in order to assure unobstructed air flows and cross-ventilation. Panels of mosquito netting prevent insects from entering. The house is connected to the public water and energy grid, which is powered almost entirely by renewable resources in Costa Rica. Only water is heated locally through solar power, which is harvested on top of the roof. Auto-sufficient building configurations are available for off-grid locations, as well as a completely de- and remountable kit of parts. The NFH is designed to blend with its natural surroundings and minimize the impact of construction on the environment. At the same time, it offers a broad range of adjustable, affordable and replicable solutions. The project seeks for integral sustainability in terms of its environmental, economic, social
▼个人房间可通过多层玻璃滑动“幕墙”关闭，以改变空间分隔或开放程度，the private rooms can be closed off through different layers of glass sliders and “curtain walls” in order to allow for changing degrees of spatial separation or social integration
▼卧室，bedroom
▼从核心区域看卧室，view from central service core to bedroom
▼NFH的设计与自然融为一体，最大限度地降低施工对环境的影响，the NFH is designed to blend with its natural surroundings and minimize the impact of construction on the environment
▼模型，modeling
▼分析图，diagram
▼平面图，floor plan
▼剖面图，section
Lead architect: A-01 / Oliver Schütte Design team: A-01 / José Pablo González, Mauricio Rodríguez, Misael Rodríguez, Ronald Carvajal Typology research: A-01 / Marije van Lidth de Jeude MEP engineering: Consost / Pablo Mora Structural design: Ingeniería Cañas / Rafael Cañas Construction: SLO Studiolocal / Hernán Mora Photography: Fernando Alda Fotografía / Fernando Alda Documentary: Manduca Audiovisual / Soren Pessoa, Valeria Romero Marketing: Villas Gaia / Luuc van Wezel Location: Ojochal, Province of Puntarenas, Costa Rica
