本项目位于巴黎东北部的La Courneuve，共包含两座住宅楼和18套复式住宅，提供了多样化的住房，其细致的建筑风格有助于Cité des 4000项目的再生。“Cité des 4000”项目展示了建筑在政治、城市和艺术学科内的多种形象、观点和研究。这个大规模的项目于1956年由巴黎市政厅（Ville de Paris）建造，由并列排布的建筑体量构成。该项目的选址和设计原则产生了许多未被定义和未被使用的自由空间，从而避免了建筑基地内公共空间的浪费。此次的Cité des 4000再生项目希望根除毫无特色的统一化空间，致力于创造个性化空间，从而再次赋予公共空间真实的景观和人文维度。
In La Courneuve, two buildings and 18 duplex units provide a great diversity of housing. A meticulous architectural style contributes to the regeneration of the Cité des 4000. The “Cité des 4000” projects many images, points of view and studies across the political, urban and artistic disciplines. Built in 1956 by the Ville de Paris, this large-scale operation was designed as an estate composed of blocks sited alongside each other. This siting principle generated undefined and unused free spaces, preventing the appropriation of public spaces which are wasted. The regeneration of the Cité des 4000 has endeavoured to suppress the effect of uniform and impersonal blocks to give, once again, meaning to the public space with a true landscape and human dimension.
▼项目临街外观，exterior street view of the housing units ©Luc Boegly
Cité de 4000项目的实行要求建筑设计团队对社区、文化、经济、城市和建筑的期望进行详细的分析，要充分考虑潜在的未来景观可能性和居民的生活方式和日常需求，避免犯与过去相同的错误。这种思考要反映在新建筑的空间布局上，以便居民能够适应他们的家园和生活环境。这种设计概念赋予了社区一个全新的特点和身份，同时整合了目前各规模项目都普遍存在的一个问题——缺少空间的多样性。
Building on the Cité de 4000 estate could not be undertaken without a detailed analysis of the community, cultural, economic, urban and architectural expectations. It should avoid the existing failures linked to past developments that don’t consider the potential landscape and its appropriation by residents. This concern is reflected in the spatial layout of new buildings so that the residents appropriate their homes and living environment. The proposal gives a new identity to the neighbourhood while integrating this diversity currently missing at all scales of the project.
▼住宅群临街外观，由住宅楼和联排式别墅住宅组成，exterior street view of the housing units composed of the buildings and the duplex houses
建筑体量的各异性为城市景观提供了多样的“天际线”，从而避免了单纯地将建筑放在街道上这种千篇一律的单调性。不同造型的建筑体量位于基地上，可以尽可能地为居住单元创造街道景观，同时尽可能地减小建筑体量之间或建筑体量与其周边环境之间的空白和能见距离。建筑体量在两个朝向上向内缩进，这两个朝向分别是Henri Barbusse大道和面对着Grand Verlaine方向的商场，这种形式使整个住宅群的体量都能享受到自然通风和更多的自然光线。这种内退的形式在公共空间和建筑体量中心之间创造了一种空隙，促进了城市与共享社区空间之间的景观和联系。
▼住宅群总平体量轴测图，axon of the housing units in their surroundings
The heterogeneity of the blocks provides the cityscape with a multi-faceted “skyline” that avoids monotony and block siting on the streets. The different volumes are located on the site to create a maximum of vistas for the housing units while creating a minimum of blanks, co-visibility between them or with their surroundings. Two setbacks also bring air and more daylight to the entire block, either from Avenue Henri Barbusse or from the mall towards the Grand Verlaine. They create porosity between public spaces and the block centre, promote vistas and weave links between the city and the shared community spaces.
▼住宅群临街外观，联排别墅式住宅相对住宅楼向内缩进，exterior street view of the housing units, the duplex house sets back from the building ©Luc Boegly
基地上建筑体量的布局保证了中央花园和各个居住单元都能享受到充足的自然光线。平面空间布局的决定性因素是居住空间在夏季和冬季中的舒适度，以此为依据来优化墙体的保温隔热性能并通过环保的方式进行施工。项目的选址为居住单元提供了不同的朝向，因此本项目中不存在所谓的后立面或者是空白的山墙。
The configuration of the volumes on the site generates generous sunlight provision to the housing units and central garden. Summer and winter comfort are a determining factor in the building layout to optimise the thermal performance of walls and to build with an environmental approach. Siting provides housing units with different orientations and thus provides no rear elevation nor blank gables.
▼住宅群临街外观局部，住宅群外观由白色混凝土、木材和砖打造而成，partial exterior view of the housing units that is made of white concrete, wood and bricks ©Luc Boegly
本项目具有两种明确可识别的体量类型：“住宅楼”和“迭复的联排别墅式住宅”。这两个不同类型的建筑体量通过空隙联系在一起，并将各自的类型特点一直延伸到基地的边界。这些设计原则都通过一个简单的布局完成，这个布局将基地周边三个不同的元素组织在了一起：在西侧，两个建筑体量——一座6层高的住宅楼和在Henri Barbusse大道上的4层高带露台的迭复式双联排住宅被区分开来，而在基地的东南角，另一座6层高的住宅楼则与一座4层高带露台的迭复式双联排住宅相互依附。
The project proposes two clearly identifiable typologies: the “building” and the “superimposed town house”. The articulation of these two scales is done through porosities and built continuities up to the site boundaries. These principles take form through a simple configuration that articulates three distinct elements: to the west, on the boundary that separates it from the neighbouring parcel, a 6-storey building and, on Avenue Henri Barbusse, a 4-storey terrace of superimposed duplex houses. On the southeast corner of the site, a 6-storey building is attached to a 4-storey terrace of superimposed duplex houses.
▼从中央花园看住宅群，住宅楼与联排别墅的连接方式不同，viewing the housing units from the central garden, buildings and duplex houses are connected in different ways ©Luc Boegly
通过交替出现的不同建筑高度，位于公共空间的人们可以清晰地辨认出不同类型的建筑体量的多样性，从而感受到它们各自不同的优势。一方面，所有的公寓房间都设有长阳台，另一方面，联排别墅宽敞的露天平台创造出一个适合人体尺度的复杂精致的立面，其住宅空间也围绕着中央木制楼梯排列。
Alternation of building heights renders it possible to read the diversity of typologies from the public space, through a simple and obvious reading of their different advantages. On the one hand, flats with all rooms giving on to long balconies and on the other, proper houses with wide decks that give the complex a human-scale elevation. These townhouses are planned around generous volumes and a central timber staircase.
▼从中央花园看住宅群局部，住宅楼的所有公寓房间都设有长阳台，viewing partial housing units from the central garden, flats with all rooms have long balconies ©Luc Boegly
共享的公共区域为居民提供了集会空间。通过明亮的大厅、公共露台、花园露台、中央菜园等一系列共享空间，多样化的日常活动被创造了出来。本项目不仅创造出一系列社交空间，更通过这些空间提供了社区生活的不同方式。
Common areas are places for sharing and encounters between residents. Diverse itineraries are created through the shared spaces (lit halls, common decks, garden patios, central vegetable garden, …). The project creates places for socialising and, through these spaces, provides the means for community living.
▼从中央花园看住宅群局部，拥有大面积的共享空间，viewing partial housing units from the central garden, the housing units possess large shared space ©Luc Boegly
该项目通过在住宅综合体的中心位置建立花园等种植区来实现最佳的居住条件，值得一提的是，这个种植区在功能上具有一定的灵活性。这些空间遍布在包括明亮宽敞的玻璃大厅、可以转变为会议空间的大型自行车停放处等在内的所有共享空间内。多种流线创造出多种交通空间、私人花园、有砖制窗花围合结构的宽阔露台、明亮的楼梯露台空间以及一个大型的中央共享花园等。
The project proposes optimum habitable conditions by establishing planting in the block centre, that allow for different uses. These are created throughout the shared spaces: bright, spacious glazed halls, a large bicycle room that can be transformed into a meeting space, multiple accesses create a diversity of routes, private gardens and wide decks protected by a brick mashrabiya screen, daylit landings and a large central shared garden.
▼住宅群局部及连接不同住宅的小路，partial exterior view of the housing units and the accesses connecting different units ©Luc Boegly
居民可以通过一个连接着所有住宅楼的中央露台进入住宅群的中央区域。住宅群中的小路都沿着砖砌的窗花结构布置，而中央开放空间的规划布局则促进了这个150多平方米的内部花园的使用，使其成为一个可以作为市场使用的花园空间。
The access to the block centre is through a central deck that serves all the buildings. These alleys are lined with brick mashrabiya walls and the planning of open spaces in the block centre promotes the use of the interior garden, more than 150m², which becomes a proper market garden space.
▼住宅群局部，小路都沿着砖砌的窗花结构布置，partial view of the housing units, all alleys are lined with brick mashrabiya walls ©Luc Boegly
▼联排别墅外观局部，partial exterior view of the duplex house ©Luc Boegly
▼联排别墅式住宅的阳台，the balcony of the duplex house
通向私人户外空间的砖石和金属细木工隔板结构构建出社区生活和家庭生活之间的过渡空间。居民们可以通过这些结构，根据自己的需要，决定是否将自家的空间对外打开。在公寓楼中，根据楼层的高度，窗台的高度各不相同，从而使室内空间能够获得更多阳光，并基于城市景观，构建一种更为垂直或水平的街景。
The brick and metal joinery screen to private outdoor spaces create the transition between community life and the home. They provide the possibility for the home to open out or to remain private. On the blocks of flats, the project varies the heights of the window sills, depending on the floor level, to increase the daylight provision and to frame a vista, either more vertical or more horizontal according to the urban landscape.
▼联排别墅式住宅外观局部，采用白色混凝土的造型，逐一后退，partial exterior view of the duplex house with white concrete frame and setbacks ©Luc Boegly
▼住宅楼外观局部，partial exterior view of the building ©Luc Boegly
无论是在建筑体量上，还是在细节处理上，这个住宅群都有着当地的特色和简洁的形式。它将三种材料和颜色组织在了一起：白色的混凝土、砖和落叶松木材等。这三种材料彼此对话交流，在建筑中达到了和谐统一，但同时又保持着自身的细节特性。设计的初衷是尽可能使用这些未经处理的材料，以延长建筑的耐久性并更好地将其融入到基地环境中去。在公寓楼中，白色的混凝土突出了木材和金属细木工的细节表达，而在联排住宅中，木材表皮则突出了双层白色建筑体量的细节。砖制窗花隔墙、白色金属细木工和窗户细木工为所有建筑元素提供了一种简单而精致的细木工品质。
The estate is domestic and simple, both in volume and detail. It draws into coherence and resonance three materials and colours: white concrete, brick and larch. These three materials dialogue with each other and harmonise in the overall reading of the project but also in the details of their execution. The intention was to leave the materials as unrefined as possible for longer durability and better integration within the site. In the blocks of flats, the white concrete underlines the expression of the timber and metal joinery details while on the superimposed houses, the timber cladding underlines the details of the double height, white volumes. The function of the brick mashrabiya screens, the white metal joinery and the window joinery, provide all the elements with a simple and refined joinery.
▼室内公共空间，interior public space ©Luc Boegly (up)
体量、建筑和功能的多样性是本项目的设计基础。本项目为其住户提供了多种室内外空间的解读和使用方式。而本项目的成功与否则将通过共享空间的使用情况来决定，因为毕竟，共享空间是社区生活的基本途径。
The diversity of volumes, architectures and uses is the underlying principle of the proposal. The project provides multiple readings of the exterior and interior spaces of buildings that facilitate appropriation by its residents. The success of the project will be determined through the use of the shared spaces that are the essential means for community living.
▼联排别墅室内空间，具有独特的光影效果，interior view of the duplex house with light and shadow effects ©Luc Boegly (up)
本项目共使用了以下的材料：白色混凝土，着色落叶松木材覆层、落叶松木材细木工、漆钢细木工、白色水泥砖、镀锌钢铁器和浅灰色水泥板等。
White concrete, stained larch timber cladding, larch timber joinery, lacquered steel joinery, white cement bricks, galvanised steel ironmongery, light grey cement slab.
▼住宅群局部夜景，partial exterior view of the housing units at night ©Luc Boegly
▼住宅楼一层平面图，1F plan of the building
▼住宅楼三层平面图，3F plan of the building
▼住宅楼五层平面图，5F plan of the building
▼联排别墅住宅平面图，floor plan of the duplex house
▼住宅群立面图，elevation of the housing units
▼细节构造图1，detail drawings 1
▼细节构造图2，detail drawings 2
Client: Plaine Commune Habitat / Batiplaine Architects: MAO architectes + JTB architecture Engineers: Mizrahi (BET TCE) Mission: Complète (base loi MOP) Programme: Construction neuve de 71 logements locatifs sociaux avec un espace de maraichage urbain à La Courneuve (ANRU) Sustanability label: RT 2012 – H&E Pro l A – Plan Climat adress: 61 Avenue Henri Barbusse, La Courneuve (93) Surface (SDP/ SHAB): 4 855 m2 / 4 615 m2 Cost (HT): 8.5 M€ – 1785€/m2 (DGD) Calendar: Lauréat du concours Avril 2016; Permis de construire Septembre 2016; Livraison Janvier 2019 Photographies: Luc Boegly, Arnaud Schelstraete, Fabien Brissaud
