在过去的三十年，加纳首都阿克拉发展迅速，被誉为“西非之门”。阿克拉科托卡机场国际航空港是阿克拉的新兴发展区域，便捷的交通位置，闪亮的新高层街区和林立的购物中心，成为阿克拉新城市网络的重要组成部分。随着新兴石油工业和服务业的持续增长，阿克拉对于建造具有国际标准办公和商业体验建筑的需求也日益增长。
One Airport Square项目应运而生，其设计不仅是为了满足此需求，更是重新定义了加纳对绿色建筑的标准和未来的期望。作为阿克拉市的生态地标，象征着城市的创新和发展。此项目建成于2015 年，是加纳第一座由南非绿色建筑委员会（GBCSA）颁发的 4星（设计阶段）建筑，也是西非第一座获得绿色认证的商业建筑。
▼项目概览，overall view ©Fernando Guerra
Over the past three decades, Accra, the capital of Ghana, has developed rapidly and is known as the “Gate of West Africa”. The Airport City is a new development area with convenient transportation location, shiny new high-rise buildings and numerous shopping which becomes an important part of Accra’s new urban network. As the emerging oil industry and service industry continue to grow, Accra’s demand for building office and commercial experience buildings with international standards is also increasing.
The One Airport Square project came into being. Its design is not only to meet this demand, but also redefines Ghana’s standards for green building and future expectation. As an ecological landmark in Accra, it symbolizes the city’s innovation and development. The project was completed in 2015 and is the first Ghana 4-star (design stage) building awarded by the Green Building Council South African (GBCSA) and the first commercial building in West Africa to receive green certification.
▼建筑近景，a close view to the building ©Fernando Guerra
通过对场地及其周围环境进行研究，气候和地形、太阳角度和方向，结合当地传统文化，打造新一代西非办公建筑的标杆。荣获 2012 非洲国际房地产奖：最佳办公建筑。
▼加纳传统文化建筑 traditional cultural architecture of Ghana
Under the research of site, surroundings, climate, terrain, the angle and direction of the sun, and the local traditional culture, the design of One Airport Square is a standard for a new generation of office buildings in West Africa. It Won the 2012 African International Real Estate Award: Best Office Building.
▼新一代西非办公建筑的标杆 ©Fernando Guerra a standard for a new generation of office buildings in West Africa
建筑的美学元素及设计灵感来自当地的传统艺术及典型棕榈树树皮形态，并与环境发展策略紧密联系，以提供解决气候问题的可行方案。建筑的形式和布局由多学科的设计团队在基于客户功能、结构和能源需求的基础上，运用创造性的思维提出最合理的设计方案。
▼棕榈树表皮和设计草图 ©MC A the palm tree bark forms & design sketch
The aesthetic elements and design of the building are inspired by local traditional art and typical palm tree bark forms, and are closely linked with environmental development strategies to provide feasible solutions to climate problems. The form and layout of the building are designed by a multi-disciplinary design team based on the customer’s function, structure and energy needs, using creative thinking to propose the most reasonable design plan.
▼建筑立面，facade view ©Fernando Guerra
One Airport Square项目是一个多功能综合体，由首层商业区以及西南侧十层高的办公塔楼和广场组成，总建筑面积达 17000 平方米。考虑到场地独特的形状和地形特征， 将塔楼安排在场地西南侧。公共广场面向场地东北部开放，让商业区（如商店、餐馆、自助餐厅等设施）围绕着进行环状布局。项目在一众建筑中脱颖而出，为周围的社区， 景观做出重大贡献，并在道德，文化敏感性和环境可持续性方面树立榜样。
▼首层平面图，ground floor plan ©MC A
One Airport Square is a multi-functional complex consisting of a first-floor commercial district and a 10-storey office tower and plaza on the southwest side, with a total floor area of 17,000 square meters. Considering the unique shape and topographical characteristics of the site, the tower is arranged on the southwest side of the site. The public plaza is open to the northeast of the venue, allowing commercial activties(such as shops, restaurants, cafeterias and other facilities) to be arranged in a circular layout. The project stands out from the crowd, making a significant contribution to the surrounding community and landscape, and setting an example in terms of ethics, cultural sensitivity and environmental sustainability.
▼入口区域，entrance area ©Fernando Guerra
该建筑的不规则平面正好反映出了场地的地形特点，铺设的地面与街道相连并通向广场上层的建筑主入口，可以进入办公和商业区域。一对自动扶梯直接通向地下两层楼的停车场。即使是地下楼层，在配置上也考虑到场地的地形特征并用现代技术来设计抗 震结构。事实上，阿克拉是一个以地方高地震活动为特征的城市，这也是非洲最早设计抗震结构建造的建筑物之一。
The irregular plan of the building exactly reflects the topographical characteristics of the site. The paved ground is connected to the street and leads to the main entrance of the building on the upper square, which can enter the office and commercial areas. A pair of escalators lead directly to the two-story underground parking lot. Even for the underground floors, the topographical characteristics of the site are taken into consideration in the configuration and the seismic structure is designed using modern technology. In fact, Accra is a city characterized by local high seismic activity, which is also one of the earliest buildings in Africa designed with seismic structures.
▼首层大厅空间，lobby area on the ground floor ©Fernando Guerra
▼入口细节，entrance detailed view ©Fernando Guerra
建筑宽敞的广场可以举办各种活动，也可作为艺术作品永久装置的展览空间，同时结合商业活动的实施，有助日夜激活场地的生命力。
The spacious square of the building can hold various events, and can also be used as an exhibition space for permanent installations of art works. At the same time, combined with the implementation of commercial activities, it can help activate the vitality of the venue day and night.
▼从建筑俯瞰广场，overlook to the square from the building ©Fernando Guerra
项目在紧凑的建筑形式中还包含了一个中庭，其主要功能是提供照明并促进室内的自然通风，形成建筑微气候。中庭产生的“烟囱效应” 可以调节建筑内外热平衡，使建筑物可以处于全空调模式，即自然通风，减少了空调的使用，节约用电量。建筑外表建 筑的外表是关键元素，它是形式，结构和环境策略相结合的完美表达。在垂直方向上的变化决定了三类办公配置类型：大，中，小型。该建筑还有一个显著特征是通过悬挑的梯形露台而产生动感，并在层层升高过程中逐渐消退。这些部分的变化可以按照租户的不同要求进行灵活配置。
The project also includes an atrium in a compact architectural form, whose main function is to provide lighting and promote natural ventilation in the interior, forming a microclimate of the building. The “chimney effect” generated by the atrium can adjust the internal and external heat balance of the building, so that the building can be in a fully air-conditioned mode, that is, natural ventilation, which reduces the use of air conditioning and saves electricity. The appearance of the building is the key element, it is the perfect expression of the combination of form, structure and environmental strategy. Changes in the vertical direction determine three types of office configurations: large, medium, and small. Another distinguishing feature of the building is that it is dynamic through the overhanging trapezoidal terrace, which gradually fades as the layers rise. Changes in these parts can be flexibly configured according to different requirements of tenants.
▼中庭概览，courtyard overview ©Fernando Guerra
▼中庭产生的“烟囱效应” 可以调节建筑内外热平衡 ©Fernando Guerra the “chimney effect” generated by the atrium can adjust the internal and external heat balance of the building
尽管混凝土建筑给人会是沉重的感觉，但是One Airport Square项目却是以一种轻巧兼环保的方式在使用混凝土。采用钢筋混凝土结构的倾斜支柱，为建筑和悬臂带来更大的刚度，同时也可作为立面的装饰图案，与玻璃幕墙结合，给人令人惊讶的轻盈之感。
Although concrete buildings may feel heavy, the One Airport Square uses concrete in a lightweight and environmentally friendly way. The use of reinforced concrete structure with inclined pillars brings greater rigidity to the building and cantilever. At the same time, it can also be used as a decorative pattern on the facade and combined with the glass curtain wall, giving a surprisingly light feeling.
▼钢筋混凝土结构的倾斜支柱 ©Fernando Guerra reinforced concrete structure with inclined pillars
▼立面细部，detailed view ©Fernando Guerra
该建筑采用混合模式通风策略，所有办公楼层的中庭和内外立面上均装有可操作的窗户，以增强自然通风的效率，减少不必要的空调设备使用。 同时考虑到建筑所在的纬度，它的东面和西面特别容易受到太阳的辐射。在屋顶设置太阳能板，利用可再生能源，而悬挑的梯形露台，也提供了遮阴的效果，防止太阳的暴晒。由于当地典型的热带气候，大部分时间存在的中高温，因此必须采取一些措施来减少建筑制冷的需求。气候控制系统通过浮动地板分配冷空气，从而在整个平面达到均匀扩展。室内平均温度约为 23 摄氏度，而湿度水平则根据季节而变化。在夏天，它可以达到 90％的饱和点。与阿克拉的大多数建筑物相比，能耗降低了30-40％。
▼自然通风采光系统 ventilation and lighting system ©MC A
▼生物气候分析图 environmental strategies ©MC A
The building adopts a mixed-mode ventilation strategy. All office floors are equipped with operable windows on the atrium and facades to enhance the efficiency of natural ventilation and reduce the use of unnecessary air conditioning equipment. Taking into account the latitude of the building, its east and west sides are particularly susceptible to solar radiation. Solar panels are installed on the roof to utilize renewable energy, and the overhanging trapezoidal terrace also provides a shading effect to prevent sun exposure. Due to the typical tropical climate in the site and the high temperature that exists most of the time, some measures must be taken to reduce the need for building cooling. The climate control system distributes cold air through the floating floor, so as to achieve uniform expansion across the entire plane. The average indoor temperature is about 23 degrees Celsius, and the humidity level changes according to the season. In summer, it can reach 90% saturation point. Compared with most buildings in Accra, energy consumption is reduced by 30-40%.
▼荫蔽下的门廊空间，the sheltered porch ©Fernando Guerra
▼露台，terraces ©Fernando Guerra
为了减少饮用水的消耗，采用了限制流量的技术。 建筑设置雨水收集，在下雨时，将水收集在水箱中，用于洗手间和植物灌溉。
In order to reduce the consumption of drinking water, the technology of restricting flow is adopted. The building is equipped with rainwater collection. When it rains, the water is collected in a water tank and used for toilets and plant irrigation.
▼中庭，courtyard ©Fernando Guerra
One Airport Square在设计上减少建筑的能源消耗和优化使用自然光，在建筑和工程方面做了平衡。运用设计将先进的技术与当地传统相结合在一起塑造了生态之美的新概念，在尊重特定的多种当地环境的同时获得最大的建筑可持续性，是运用创造性同理心 理念的绿色建筑优秀案例。
One Airport Square is designed to balances architectural and engineering aspects to reduce energy consumption and optimize the use of natural light. The use of design to combine advanced technology with local traditions has shaped a new concept of ecological beauty, while respecting a specific variety of local environments while achieving maximum architectural sustainability. It is a excellent green building case that used the Creative Empathy.
▼建筑近景，exterior view ©Fernando Guerra
▼门廊夜景，porch night view ©Fernando Guerra
▼整体夜景，overall night view ©Fernando Guerra
▼模型，model ©MC A
▼五层平面图，plan level 5 ©MC A
▼立面图和剖面图，elevation and section ©MC A
Credit: Location: Accra, Ghana Year: 2010-2015 – built Investor: Actis Boston Tower Development Limited Developer: Laurus DP Type: Commission Surface area: 17,000 m2 Architecture and structural design: Mario Cucinella Architects + Deweger Gruter Brown & Partners Team: Mario Cucinella, LucaBertacchi,Hyun Seok Kim Giuseppe Perrone, Nada Balestri, Luca Sandri, Giulia Pentella, Alberto Bruno, Yuri Costantini Structural Engineering: Politecnica Ingegneria e Architettura Mechanical and Electrical Engineering: Chapman – BDSP Associate Local Structural & Construction Engineers: Twum Boafo & Partners, Accra Associate Local MEP Engineers: Impact Technologies Limited, Accra Associate Architect: Deweger Gruter Brown & Partners Quantity Surveyors: AECOM, London Associate Quantity Surveyors: A-Kon Consults Limited, Accra Construction Company: MICHELETTI LTD Construction Management: MACE Rendering: Cristian Chierici – CC79; Engram Studio Photos: Fernando Guerra
